Vesper Bats
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Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order
Chiroptera Bats are mammals of the Order (biology), order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in fli ...
, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat families, specialised in many forms to occupy a range of habitats and ecological circumstances, and it is frequently observed or the subject of research. The facial features of the species are often simple, as they mainly rely on vocally emitted echolocation. The tails of the species are enclosed by the lower flight membranes between the legs. Over 300 species are distributed all over the world, on every continent except
Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...
. It owes its name to the genus ''
Vespertilio ''Vespertilio'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. The common name for this family is vesper bats, which is a better-known classification than ''Vespertilio''. They are also known as frosted bats. Species within the genus ''Vespe ...
'', which takes its name from a word for bat, ', derived from the
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
term ' meaning 'evening'; they are termed "evening bats" and were once referred to as "evening birds". (The term "evening bat" also often refers more specifically to one of the species, '' Nycticeius humeralis''.)


Evolution

They are allied to the suborder Microchiroptera, the families of microbats separated from the flying foxes and fruit bats of the megabat group Megachiroptera. The treatments of bat taxonomy have also included a placement amongst the
Vespertilioniformes Yangochiroptera, or Vespertilioniformes, is a suborder of Chiroptera that includes most of the microbat families, except the Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and Megadermatidae. These other families, plus the megabats, are seen ...
, or
Yangochiroptera Yangochiroptera, or Vespertilioniformes, is a suborder of Chiroptera that includes most of the microbat families, except the Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and Megadermatidae. These other families, plus the megabats, are seen ...
, as suborder Vespertilionoidea. Molecular data indicate the Vespertilionidae diverged from the Molossidae in the
early Eocene In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian i ...
period. The family is thought to have originated somewhere in
Laurasia Laurasia () was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around ( Mya), the other being Gondwana. It separated from Gondwana (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pan ...
, possibly North America. A recently extinct species, ''
Synemporion keana ''Synemporion keana'' is an extinct species of bat which lived in what is now Hawaii from at least 320,000 years ago to around 2,100 years ago. It is the only species in the genus ''Synemporion''.Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...
of
Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...
.Discovery of Extinct Bat Doubles Diversity of Native Hawaiian Land Mammals
at the
American Museum of Natural History The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. In Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 26 inter ...
; published March 21, 2016; retrieved June 20, 2016


Characteristics

All species are carnivorous and most are
insectivore A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores wer ...
s, exceptions are bats of genera ''
Myotis The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a New Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" (mea ...
'' and ''
Pizonyx The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a New Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" (mea ...
'' that catch
fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...
and the larger ''
Nyctalus ''Nyctalus'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats commonly known as the noctule bats. They are distributed in the temperate and subtropical areas of Europe, Asia and North Africa. There are eight species within this genus: * Birdlike noctule, ''Ny ...
'' species known to capture small
passerine A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped'), which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines are distinguished from other orders of birds by t ...
birds in flight. The
dentition Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, it is the characteristic arrangement, kind, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age. That is, the number, type, and morpho-physiolo ...
of the family varies between species; the dental formula of the family is: They rely mainly on echolocation to navigate and obtain food, but they lack the elaborate nose appendages of microbats that focus nasal emitted
ultrasound Ultrasound is sound waves with frequency, frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing range, hearing. Ultrasound is not different from "normal" (audible) sound in its physical properties, except that humans cannot hea ...
. The ultrasound signal is usually produced orally, and many species have large external ears to capture and reflect sound, enabling them to discriminate and extract information. The vespertilionids employ a range of flight techniques. The wing surface is extended to the lower limbs, and the tails of this family are enclosed in an
interfemoral membrane The patagium (plural: patagia) is a membranous body part that assists an animal in obtaining lift when gliding or flight. The structure is found in extant and extinct groups of flying and gliding animals including bats, birds, some dromaeosaurs ...
. Some are relatively slow-flying genera, such as ''
Pipistrellus ''Pipistrellus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae and subfamily Vespertilioninae. The name of the genus is derived from the Italian word , meaning "bat" (from Latin "bird of evening, bat"). The size of the genus has been cons ...
'', that manipulate the configuration of their broader wing shape and may give a fluttery appearance as they forage and glean. Others are specialised as long-winged genera, such as ''
Lasiurus ''Lasiurus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilio ...
'' and ''
Nyctalus ''Nyctalus'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats commonly known as the noctule bats. They are distributed in the temperate and subtropical areas of Europe, Asia and North Africa. There are eight species within this genus: * Birdlike noctule, ''Ny ...
'', that use rapid pursuit to capture insects. The size range of the family is in head and body length; this excludes the tail, which is itself quite long in many species. They are generally brown or grey in colour, often an indiscriminate appearance as a 'little brown bat', although some species have fur that is brightly colored, with reds, oranges, and yellows all being known. The patterns of the superficial appearance include white patches or stripes that may distinguish some species. Most species roost in caves, although some make use of
hollow tree Hollow Tree is a Western red cedar tree stump and a popular landmark in Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia. History The tree was damaged during a December 2006 windstorm and was slated for removal. In 2009, the Stanley Park Hollow Tree ...
s, rocky crevices, animal
burrow An Eastern chipmunk at the entrance of its burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of sh ...
s, or other forms of shelter. Colony sizes also vary greatly, with some roosting alone, and others in groups up to a million individuals. Species native to
temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...
latitudes typically
hibernate Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It most ...
to avoid cooler weather, while a few of the
tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
species employ
aestivation Aestivation ( la, aestas (summer); also spelled estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and ...
as a method of evading extremes of climate.


Systematics

The four subfamilies of Vespertilionidae separate the presumably related taxa, tribes, and genera of extant and extinct taxa. The subfamilial treatments, based on morphological, geographical, and ecological comparisons have been recombined since the inclusion of the phylogenetic implications of
molecular genetics Molecular genetics is a sub-field of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the ...
; only the
Murininae The Murininae are a subfamily of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. They include the tube-nosed bats and hairy-winged bats in the genera ''Murina'', ''Harpiola'', and ''Harpiocephalus''. Subfamily Murininae *Genus ''Murina'' – tube-no ...
and
Kerivoulinae Kerivoulinae is a subfamily of vesper bats. There are 25 species in 2 genera within this subfamily: Subfamily Kerivoulinae *Genus ''Kerivoula'' - Painted bats ** Tanzanian woolly bat (''Kerivoula africana'') ** St. Aignan's trumpet-eared bat (' ...
have not been changed in light of genetic analysis. Subfamilies that were once recognized as valid, such as the Nyctophilinae, are considered dubious, as molecular evidence suggests they are
paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
in their arrangements. Within the concept
Yangochiroptera Yangochiroptera, or Vespertilioniformes, is a suborder of Chiroptera that includes most of the microbat families, except the Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and Megadermatidae. These other families, plus the megabats, are seen ...
, an acknowledged cladistic treatment, the closest relatives to the family are the free-tailed bats of family Molossidae. The monotypic genus ''Tomopeas'', represented by the blunt-eared bat ('' Tomopeas ravus''), is acknowledged as the potentially closest link between the Vespertilionidae and Molossidae, as it is the most basal member of the Molossidae and has intermediate characteristics of both families.


Classification

The grouping of these subfamilies is the classification published by the
American Society of Mammalogists The American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) was founded in 1919. Its primary purpose is to encourage the study of mammals, and professions studying them. There are over 4,500 members of this society, and they are primarily professional scientists ...
. Other authorities raise three subfamilies more: Antrozoinae (which is here the separate family of pallid bats),
Tomopeatinae The blunt-eared bat or Peruvian crevice-dwelling bat (''Tomopeas ravus'') is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Tomopeas'' and subfamily Tomopeatinae. It is endemic to Peru, where it is considered criti ...
(now regarded as a subfamily of the
free-tailed bat The Molossidae, or free-tailed bats, are a family of bats within the order Chiroptera. The Molossidae is the fourth-largest family of bats, containing about 110 species as of 2012. They are generally quite robust, and consist of many strong-flyi ...
s), and Nyctophilinae (here included in Vespertilioninae). Four subfamilies are recognized by ''
Mammal Species of the World ''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' is a standard reference work in mammalogy giving descriptions and bibliographic data for the known species of mammals. It is now in its third edition, published in late 2005, ...
'' (2005), the highly diverse Vespertilioninae are also separated as tribes. Newer or resurrected genera are noted. The genus ''
Cistugo ''Cistugo'' is a genus of bats from southern Africa. The two species have historically been included in the genus ''Myotis'' (family Vespertilionidae), but molecular studies show that the genus is distinct from all other Vespertilionidae, and in ...
'' is no longer included following its move to the separate family
Cistugidae ''Cistugo'' is a genus of bats from southern Africa. The two species have historically been included in the genus ''Myotis'' (family Vespertilionidae), but molecular studies show that the genus is distinct from all other Vespertilionidae, and in ...
. Miniopterinae is additionally no longer recognized as a subfamily, as it was elevated to family status. A 2021 study attempted to resolve the systematic relationships among the pipistrelle-like bats of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, with systematic inferences based on genetic and morphological analyses of more than 400 individuals across all named genera and the majority of described African pipistrelle-like bat species, with a focus on previously unstudied samples of East African bats. The study proposed a revision of the pipistrelle-like bats in East Africa and described multiple new genera and species. Family Vespertilionidae * subfamily
Kerivoulinae Kerivoulinae is a subfamily of vesper bats. There are 25 species in 2 genera within this subfamily: Subfamily Kerivoulinae *Genus ''Kerivoula'' - Painted bats ** Tanzanian woolly bat (''Kerivoula africana'') ** St. Aignan's trumpet-eared bat (' ...
::* genus ''
Kerivoula ''Kerivoula'' is a genus of vesper bats in the subfamily Kerivoulinae. They are found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and New Guinea. Species within this genus are: * Tanzanian woolly bat (''Kerivoula africana'') * ...
'' – painted bats ::* genus ''
Phoniscus ''Phoniscus'' is a genus of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespe ...
'' *subfamily
Myotinae Myotinae is a subfamily of vesper bats. It contains three genera: ''Eudiscopus'', '' Myotis'', and ''Submyotodon''. Before the description of ''Submyotodon'' and analysis of its phylogenetics, as well as a phylogenetic analysis of ''Eudiscopus'', ...
::* genus '' Eudiscopus'' ::*genus ''
Myotis The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a New Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" (mea ...
'' – mouse-eared bats ::* genus '' Submyotodon'' – broad-muzzled bats * subfamily
Murininae The Murininae are a subfamily of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. They include the tube-nosed bats and hairy-winged bats in the genera ''Murina'', ''Harpiola'', and ''Harpiocephalus''. Subfamily Murininae *Genus ''Murina'' – tube-no ...
::* genus '' Harpiocephalus'' – hairy-winged bats ::* genus '' Harpiola'' ::* genus ''
Murina ''Murina'' is a genus of vesper bats. They are found throughout temperate and tropical regions of Asia. Taxonomy Species list based on American Society of Mammalogists and ITIS The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is an Am ...
'' – tube-nosed insectivorous bats * subfamily
Vespertilioninae The Vespertilioninae are a subfamily of vesper bats from the family Vespertilionidae. Classification Subfamily Vespertilioninae *Tribe Antrozoini **Genus '' Antrozous'' *** Pallid bat, ''Antrozous pallidus'' **Genus '' Bauerus'' *** Van Geld ...
** tribe
Antrozoini Antrozoini is a tribe (taxonomy), tribe of bats in the subfamily Vespertilioninae of the family Vespertilionidae. It contains the pallid bat (''Antrozous pallidus''), Van Gelder's bat (''Bauerus dubiaquercus''), the genus ''Rhogeessa'', and the f ...
***genus '' Antrozous'' ***genus ''
Bauerus Van Gelder's bat or Van Gelder's big-eared bat (''Bauerus dubiaquercus'') is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Mexico. The species is monotypic within its genus. It is part of ...
'' ***genus ''
Rhogeessa ''Rhogeessa'' is a genus of bats within the vesper bats family, Vespertilionidae. Species *Yucatan yellow bat (''R. aeneus'') *Allen's yellow bat (''R. alleni'') * Bickham's little yellow bat (''Rhogeessa bickhami'') * Genoways's yellow bat ('' ...
'' **tribe
Eptesicini Eptescini is a tribe of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. This tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species Species in the tribe include: * Genus ''Arielulus'' ** Bronze sprite, ''Arielulus circumdatus'' ** Coppery sprite, ''Arielulus cu ...
*** genus '' Arielulus'' *** genus ''
Eptesicus ''Eptesicus'' is a genus of bats, commonly called house bats or serotine bats, in the family Vespertilionidae. The genus name is likely derived from the Greek words ''ptetikos'' 'able to fly' or ''petomai'' 'house flier', although this is not ce ...
'' – house bats *** genus ''
Glauconycteris ''Glauconycteris'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats found in Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) ...
'' – butterfly bats *** genus '' Hesperoptenus'' – false serotine bats ***genus '' Histiotus'' – big-eared brown bats ***genus '' Ia'' ***genus ''
Lasionycteris The silver-haired bat (''Lasionycteris noctivagans'') is a solitary migratory species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae and the only member of the genus ''Lasionycteris''. Etymology The species name translates as night-wandering, ref ...
'' ***genus '' Scoteanax'' – greater broad-nosed bats ***genus '' Scotomanes'' ***genus '' Scotorepens'' – lesser broad-nosed bats ***genus '' Thainycteris'' ** tribe ''
incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
'' ***genus '' Rhyneptesicus'' **tribe
Lasiurini Lasiurini is a tribe of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains three genera of bats found in the Americas. All three genera were previously considered one genus, ''Lasiurus'', but have since been split from one another. However, the vali ...
*** genus ''
Aeorestes ''Aeorestes'' is a genus or subgenus of vesper bat commonly known as the hoary bats. As a genus, it includes species that were formerly included in the genus ''Lasiurus''. Taxonomy The genus was initially described by Austrian zoologist Leopol ...
'' – hoary bats *** genus ''
Dasypterus ''Dasypterus'' is a genus of or subgenus of vesper bat. As a genus, it includes species that were formerly in the genus ''Lasiurus''. Collectively, members of ''Dasypterus'' are referred to as the yellow bats. Taxonomy Based on genetic diver ...
'' – yellow bats *** genus ''
Lasiurus ''Lasiurus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilio ...
'' – hairy-tailed bats ** tribe Nycticeiini *** genus '' Nycticeius'' – evening bats ** tribe
Perimyotini Perimyotini is a tribe of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains two species of bats found in North America, each in their own monotypic genus. Although this name is already in use by taxonomic authorities, such as the ''Handbook of the ...
***genus ''
Parastrellus The canyon bat (''Parastrellus hesperus''), also known as the western pipistrelle, is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Mexico and in the western United States. The species has historically been placed in the genus ''Pipistrellus ''Pip ...
'' *** genus '' Perimyotis''Solari, S. 2018. Perimyotis subflavus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018* e.T17366A22123514. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T17366A22123514.en. Downloaded on 05 March 2019. ** tribe Pipistrellini *** genus ''
Glischropus ''Glischropus'' is a genus of bats within the vesper bat family, Vespertilionidae. Species within this genus are: * '' Glischropus aquilus'' (Görföl, Wiantoro, Kingston, Bates & Huang, 2015) — dark thick-thumbed bat * ''Glischropus bucephalu ...
'' – thick-thumbed bats *** genus ''
Nyctalus ''Nyctalus'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats commonly known as the noctule bats. They are distributed in the temperate and subtropical areas of Europe, Asia and North Africa. There are eight species within this genus: * Birdlike noctule, ''Ny ...
'' – noctule bats *** genus ''
Pipistrellus ''Pipistrellus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae and subfamily Vespertilioninae. The name of the genus is derived from the Italian word , meaning "bat" (from Latin "bird of evening, bat"). The size of the genus has been cons ...
'' – true pipistrelles *** genus ''
Scotoecus ''Scotoecus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilion ...
'' – house bats ***genus ''
Scotozous Dormer's bat or Dormer's pipistrelle (''Scotozous dormeri'') is a species of vesper bat. It is the only species in its genus. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Pakistan. Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical dry forests, a ...
'' ***genus '' Vansonia'' ** tribe Plecotini *** genus ''
Barbastella ''Barbastella'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats. There are seven extant species in this genus and one only known from fossil remains. Species The genus consists of the following species: * ''Barbastella barbastellus'' – western barbastelle ...
'' – barbastelles or barbastelle bats *** genus ''
Corynorhinus The genus ''Corynorhinus'' consists of the big-eared bats, or American long-eared bats. Only three species occur in the genus, all occurring in North America. Members of this group were previously in the genus '' Plecotus'', the long-eared bat ...
'' – American lump-nosed bats *** genus ''
Euderma The spotted bat (''Euderma maculatum'') is a species of vesper bat and the only species of the genus ''Euderma''. Description The spotted bat was first described by zoologist Joel Asaph Allen from the American Museum of Natural History in 1891. ...
'' *** genus '' Idionycteris'' *** genus '' Otonycteris'' *** genus ''
Plecotus ''Plecotus'' is a genus of vesper bat, commonly called long-eared bats. They are found throughout Eurasia and northern Africa. Many species in the genus have only been described and recognized in recent years. Species Genus ''Plecotus'' – lon ...
'' – lump-nosed bats ** tribe Scotophilini ***genus ''
Scotophilus ''Scotophilus'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats commonly called yellow bats. They are found in southern Asia and Africa. They are the only members of the tribe Scotophilini. Species * East African yellow bat, ''Scotophilus altilis'' * An ...
'' – Old World yellow bats **tribe
Vespertilionini Vespertilionini is a tribe of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. The largest of the tribes in Vespertilioninae, it contains many genera found throughout the Old World and Australasia. Species Species in the tribe include: * Genus '' Afronyct ...
*** genus '' Afronycteris'' *** genus '' Cassistrellus'' – helmeted bats ***genus ''
Chalinolobus ''Chalinolobus'' is a genus of bats, commonly known as pied, wattled, or long-tailed bats. They have fleshy lobes at the bottom edge of their ears and on their lower lips. The bats otherwise classified in the genus ''Glauconycteris'' are included ...
'' – wattled bats *** genus ''
Falsistrellus ''Falsistrellus'' is a genus of vespertilionid family of bats, small predatory flying mammals. They are known from Australia. The poorly researched species have been variously placed by authors, and revised again by studies of their distinct char ...
'' – false pipistrelles *** genus ''
Hypsugo The genus ''Hypsugo'' contains many bats referred to as pipistrelles or pipistrelle bats (not to be confused with the genus ''Pipistrellus''). They belong to the family Vespertilionidae or vesper bats. They are primarily found throughout Asia, th ...
'' – Asian pipistrelles *** genus ''
Laephotis ''Laephotis'' (known as the African long-eared bat) is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. Species within this genus are: * Angolan long-eared bat (''Laephotis angolensis'') * Botswanan long-eared bat (''Laephotis botswanae'') * Cape ...
'' – long-eared bats *** genus ''
Mimetillus ''Mimetillus'' is a genus of Vespertilionidae, vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains two species, both known as mimic bats and found in sub-Saharan Africa. There are two species in this genus: * Moloney's mimic bat, ''Mimetillus ...
'' – mimic bats ***genus '' Mirostrellus'' *** genus ''
Neoromicia ''Neoromicia'' is a genus of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains the following species: * Anchieta's serotine (''Neoromicia anchietae'') * Kirindy serotine (''Neoromicia bemainty'') * Yellow serotine (''Neoromicia flavescen ...
'' ***genus '' Nycticeinops'' ***genus ''
Nyctophilus ''Nyctophilus'' is a genus of the vespertilionids or vesper bats. They are often termed Australian big-eared bats or long-eared bats, as the length of their ears often greatly exceeds that of the head. This genus occurs in the New Guinean- Aus ...
'' – New Guinean and Australian big-eared bats ***genus '' Pharotis'' *** genus '' Philetor'' *** genus ''
Pseudoromicia ''Pseudoromicia'' is a genus of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. All species in this genus are native to sub-Saharan Africa. It contains the following species: * Dark-brown serotine, ''Pseudoromicia brunnea'' * Isabelline serotine, ' ...
'' ***genus ''
Tylonycteris The bamboo bats are genus of vesper bats Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most d ...
'' – bamboo bats *** genus '' Vespadelus'' *** genus ''
Vespertilio ''Vespertilio'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. The common name for this family is vesper bats, which is a better-known classification than ''Vespertilio''. They are also known as frosted bats. Species within the genus ''Vespe ...
'' – frosted bats


References


Further reading

* Corbet, GB, Hill JE. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford. * Karim, C., A.A. Tuen and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Mammals. Sarawak Museum Journal Special Issue No. 6. 80: 221–234. * Wilson DE, Reeder DM. 2005. Mammal species of the world. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC. {{DEFAULTSORT:Vesper Bat * Extant Eocene first appearances Taxa named by John Edward Gray Bat families